RAWALPINDI, Pakistan – At Murree Brewery, home of Pakistan’s national lager, vintage copper boilers belch odorous fumes as they churn out 10 million litres of beer each year.

Hundreds of tons of gin and whisky are stored in climate-conditioned cellars, shielded from the pummelling sun.

Whether it’s beer produced by the crateful in Murree’s venerable red brick brewery – opposite the powerful army’s headquarters in Rawalpindi – or wine discreetly fermented in a bedroom, alcohol sales are booming in “teetotalitarian” Pakistan.

Strangers to the Islamic Republic may be surprised that the country industriously – and at Murree openly – produces such quantities of booze, despite it being forbidden to 97 percent of the population.

But although Pakistani Muslims are banned from drinking alcohol, topers take advantage of the fact that the country’s minorities, mainly Hindus and Christians, face no such prohibition, and often snaffle up their quota.

And so although officially only three million adults can buy alcohol, the country’s three breweries must work hard to please the nation’s enthusiastic tipplers.

Murree produces two cask-aged whiskies and a gin dyed an electric blue – not coincidentally exactly the shade of bottles containing its more internationally renowned counterpart, Bombay Sapphire.

Founded by the British in 1860 and now Parsee-owned, Murree brewery has been burnt down by Muslim protesters, temporarily shut down in an Islamist purge and and continues to survive prohibition, which was imposed in the 1970s.

Far from bowed, it flourishes as one of Pakistan’s most successful companies, with an annual growth of between 15 to 20 percent, a rarity in a country regularly wracked by Islamist violence.

“There is no risk as such, because we are a very very legal entity – one of the biggest taxpayers in this country,” said Major Sabih-ur-Rehman, a brewery executive.

“It is in the interest of everybody that the Murree brewery as a legal business should flourish and continue.” With cans priced at 300 rupees ($3) on the legal market in a country where the average salary is 13,000 ($130), the brewery caters mainly to a Muslim elite willing to break the rules.

Tahir Ahmed, a therapist specialising in addiction, who is worried about the rise in alcoholism, says that off licence stores “sell the booze to the people who can afford it, and only Muslims can”.

“The middle class is steeped in Islamic morality, but the upper class are getting richer, and it is a new norm that if you invite someone for dinner you will be serving alcohol. It is socially expected.” Well stocked bars at birthday parties, dinners awash with Italian wines and discreet “car-bars” in the parking lots of wedding halls are supplied by a thriving blackmarket that also relies on vast foreign imports.

“The main source of smuggling is through Dubai on launches crossing the sea,” a customs official who did not wish to be named told AFP.

Smugglers are able to bring in entire containers by paying off officials, while sometimes unscrupulous diplomats sell a part of their legal quota to bootleggers.

An Asian embassy in Islamabad once ran its own wine shop, according to former customers.

Buying on the blackmarket raises prices – a bottle of Murree gin can cost $20 even (more than double its official cost), even when bootleggers dilute the spirit. An ordinary bottle of table wine starts at $40.

Cheap and dangerous moonshine is also available, often drunk with fatal consequences by the poor during festivals.

But wealthier amateurs, fed up with the variable quality of bootlegged alcohol, have taken to making their own wines at home.

With no grape harvest or cave, Hassan makes do with buying litres of grape juice, sugar and enzymes, which he mixes in huge glass cylinders.

For his white wine, he presses kilos of oranges and white grapes, which he brightens with raisins. All done discreetly in his guest bedroom.

“It is a fairly simple process, but you have to make sure everything is kept very clean, sanitise everything,” explains the thirty-something connoisseur.

“It’s a nice hobby, it’s fun to make and drink what you made with friends”, he adds.

Although a hobby that’s punishable by 80 lashes, this viticulturist is undeterred. The penalty has never been applied.

HONG KONG – A carcinogenic substance was found in a sample of mooncakes made by a famed Hong Kong bakery, but it says it will continue to sell them.

Hang Heung Cake Shop, popular with tourists including Singaporeans for its trademark “wife biscuits”, said it would not recall the mooncakes from its stores, according to a report by the South China Morning Post (SCMP).

Last Friday, the Macau authorities called for a halt to sales of the products, saying that a higher-than-allowed level of aflatoxin B1 was found in two mooncake samples, the SCMP reported. Besides the Hang Heung sample, the other was from a hotel in Macau, it said.

Aflatoxins are cancer-causing chemicals that can be produced by moulds. Aflatoxin B1 is said to be the most potent of these.

Some scientists have theorised that those with hepatitis B or hepatitis C have a higher risk of getting cancer from aflatoxin B1.

The Hang Heung mooncake sample had 7.48 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 for every 1kg of food, reported the SCMP. Macau bars the sale of any products with more than 5 micrograms per kg of the toxin.

However, in Hong Kong, 15 micrograms per kg or less of aflatoxin is allowed in food products, according to the Harmful Substances in Food Regulations law there.

Hang Heung executive manager Kazu Leung Chi-chung was quoted as saying by the SCMP that the company will keep selling the mooncakes as it had tried to call the Macau authorities but had not identified the problem. She added that its Macau bakery might not know Hong Kong had different standards from Macau, reported the SCMP.

Hang Heung has been in business since 1920. Though wife biscuits with winter melon paste are its signature product, it sells other Chinese confections like egg rolls.

This article was first published on Sep 12, 2016.
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