Myanmar’s military nominated a former junta stalwart who remains on a US sanctions list as its choice for vice president on Friday, pointing to battles ahead for National League for Democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and her hand-picked president.
Myanmar’s first democratically elected government for more than 50 years faces a formidable challenge delivering the reform and economic growth demanded by the electorate while working alongside a military that retains much political power.
The lower house of parliament voted on Friday to confirm Htin Kyaw, a close friend and confidant of Nobel laureate Suu Kyi, as its presidential candidate. That brought the top office a step closer for the man expected to rule as her proxy.
Across town in the capital of Naypyitaw, military MPs met behind closed doors and nominated retired general Myint Swe as their candidate. He was head of the feared military intelligence under former junta leader Than Shwe.
When Than Shwe ordered a crackdown on anti-junta protests led by Buddhist monks in 2007, known as the Saffron Revolution, Myint Swe was the head of special operations in Yangon. “We held a meeting to decide the vice presidential candidate. There was no one who disagreed on the proposal,” one of the 166 military lawmakers, who under the constitution hold a quarter of seats in parliament, told Reuters.
In Washington, State Department spokesman John Kirby said the nomination of candidates was an important step in the democratic transition in Myanmar, formerly known as Burma.
But he noted “structural and systemic flaws in Burma’s constitution, which includes the reservation of 25 per cent of parliamentary seats for the military, which in part allows for the Burmese military to ensure that one of its nominees will either be president or vice president.” Suu Kyi has said she planned to form a government of reconciliation to help bridge the deep divisions in Myanmar after nearly 50 years of military rule.
“We will hold on the national reconciliation policy no matter what the military decides,” said Zaw Myint Maung of the NLD. “We will try to work with the military for national reconciliation.” RIFT WITH MILITARY But a rift between Suu Kyi and the military widened in the run-up to the presidential nominations.
Sources in her camp say she became frustrated with military intransigence on issues ranging from amending the constitution that bars her from the presidency to minor formalities such as the location of the handover of power. The military has declined to comment on negotiations with the NLD.
Some in Suu Kyi’s party said the choice of Myint Swe went against the spirit of reconciliation. “Aung San Suu Kyi tried really hard to negotiate with them for national reconciliation,” said one senior NLD official.”They don’t trust us. It’s their final shot to protect themselves and their interests.”
While Than Shwe disappeared from public life after handing over power to a semi-civilian government in 2011, Myint Swe’s nomination will fuel the suspicions of many in Myanmar that the former junta leader still holds considerable sway. “Myint Swe is very close to former senior military officials, especially former supremo Than Shwe,” said political analyst Yan Myo Thein.
“His nomination may mean Than Shwe is still influencing behind the scenes.” Myint Swe is listed on the US Treasury Department list of sanctioned individuals due to his role in the former military government.
He was considered as a vice presidential candidate in 2012 but was barred from the job because his son-in-law was an Australian citizen – the same provision that prevents Suu Kyi from becoming president.
The junta-drafted 2008 constitution bars officials whose parents, spouse, children or their spouses are citizens of other countries from becoming president, a clause widely seen as aimed specifically at the NLD leader.
Myint Swe’s son-in-law has since given up his Australian citizenship, official sources told Reuters on Friday.
VOTE A FORMALITY
The vote in the lower house on Friday for Suu Kyi’s presidential nominee was never in doubt, given the NLD’s outright majority in the upper and lower houses of parliament.
Suu Kyi, wearing a blue dress and white sash, was the first NLD lawmaker to cast her ballot.
NLD dominance makes Htin Kyaw a near-certainty to become the first head of state who is not a serving or former senior general since the army seized power in 1962. The two houses will come together to vote on the presidency next week.
Flouting the ban on her presidency, Suu Kyi has said she would run the country through a proxy.
Under Myanmar’s indirect system for electing a president, three candidates are nominated – one by the lower house, one by the upper house, and one by the military bloc in parliament.
The two losing nominees becoming vice presidents. The other vice president is expected to be the NLD’s nomination from the upper house. He is Henry Van Thio, a member of the Chin ethnic group from the country’s northwest.
The president picks the cabinet that will take over from President Thein Sein’s outgoing government on April 1, with the exception of the heads of the home, defence and border security ministries who will be appointed by the armed forces chief.
